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<p align=center> [[bild:LEATHER-DICTIONARY.jpg|300px]] </p> <p align=center> [[bild:Lederfarben-01.jpg|500px]] </p> ==Leather Colour - Leather Colour - Leather Dye== The initial colour of a leather is dependent on the [[Tannins|tanning agents]] used. [[Vegetable-tanned leather|Tannins of plants]] give the leather a brownish tone, [[Chamois leather - Wash leather|fat and oil tanning]] makes leather yellowish, while [[tawing with alum]] and [[Synthetic tanned|synthetic tanning agents]] give the leather a whitish tone and [[Chrome tanned|chrome tanning]] makes it bluish-greyish. After [[Tanning leather|tanning]], the leather is dyed to meet customer demand for colourful leather. In the colouration of leather, two main colouring methods are distinguished. The first process involves dyeing the leather with dyes and the second one involves [[finish|pigmentation of the surface]] with binder-based colours. <p align=center> [[bild:Wet-Blue-05.jpg|165px]] [[bild:BREE-001.jpg|165px]] [[bild:Wet-White-02.jpg|165px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Dyeing of the leather by [[Chrome tanned|chrome tanning]], [[Vegetable-tanned leather|vegetable tanning]] or [[Synthetic tanned|synthetic tanning]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> ==Dyed leather== After tanning, most leather is first dyed through completely. This is done in dye stuff (liquid dye like ink for colouration of textiles). For this purpose, the leather is immersed in a dye bath in [[Tanning leather#Tanning drum|rotating barrels]] (= [[types of leather#Abbreviations for types of leather|drum dyed]]). The dye has to be fixed and excess colour has to be rinsed out to prevent [[dye transfer from leather]]. Aniline dye is a transparent liquid which is absorbed by the leather without forming a coating layer. All absorbent leather types ([[suede]], [[nubuck]] and [[aniline leather]]) are dyed this way. Top-grained absorbent [[porous leather]] is called [[aniline leather|aniline]]. But also, most [[finish|pigmented (with coating layer)]] leather is first dyed through. Since these dyes are transparent, they can only be used to dye a darker shade. Aniline dye is usually referred to as "aniline colour". Previously, azo dyes were used as aniline paints. However, use of azo dyestuff (coal tar dyestuffs) is no longer allowed as it is harmful to health. <p align=center> [[bild:Leather-Colour-Aniline-01.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Components of the leather colouration and the [[finish]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> [[Smooth leather]], which does not receive any additional [[finish|pigment-based colour layer]] on the surface, is called [[aniline leather]]. Such leather is dyed, but has no other protective colour layer on the surface. [[Nubuck]] and [[suede]] are only dyed. Sometimes, patterns are printed and embossed on nubuck. In the area of printing, it is then [[finish|pigmented]] and smooth. Such [[Suede - Nubuck - Buckskin#embossed nubuck|embossed nubuck]] was very popular with furniture in the 90s. [[Smooth leather]] is dyed so that [[leather damages#Signs of wear on leather|mechanical damages]] to the [[finish]] has a similar colour tone in the area of the damage. Such leather is called [[types of leather#Abbreviations for types of leather|drum dyed]]. Where the surface colouration does not correspond well enough with the dyed through colour, or is ignored for reasons of cost, it is regarded as leather of poorer [[leather quality|quality]]. Nevertheless, scratches are almost always visible due to the refraction in the area of damage. But with nearly the same colouration, it is less severe than in the case of deviant colourations. <p align=center> [[bild:Dyeing leather 01.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Drum dyeing.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Dyed-through-leather-10.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Non dyed through leather and dyed through leather.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Leder-Durchfaerbung-01.jpg‎|167px]] [[bild:Leder-Durchfaerbung-02.jpg‎|167px]] [[bild:Leder-Durchfaerbung-03.jpg‎|167px]] </p> <p align=center> ''These leathers were not dyed at all, or not suitable for dyeing.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Leder-Durchfaerbung-04.jpg‎|167px]] [[bild:Leder-Durchfaerbung-05.jpg‎|167px]] [[bild:Leder-Durchfaerbung-06.jpg‎|167px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Leather of better [[leather quality|qualities]] are dyed to match the colouration of the [[finish]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Most leather has the same colour on top and inside. But deviations are sometimes desired. It is because the leather is multi-coloured (e.g., [[Antique Leather - Vintage Leather|antique leather]]), or because it is a desired design element. <p align=center> [[bild:Patina-Effekt-003.jpg‎|250px]] [[bild:Patina-Effekt-008.jpg‎|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Typical [[Antique Leather - Vintage Leather|antique leather]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Perforation-rot-02.jpg‎|250px]] [[bild:Perforation-rot-03.jpg‎|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Wish of the designer: [[Perforated leather|Perforated]] red leather with a black [[finish|surface pigmentation]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> [[Leather damages]] always become visible. Only with strong contrasts is it a deterioration. In the time of [[vegetable-tanned leather]], the non dyed through colouration resulted in beautiful [[Antique Leather - Vintage Leather|patina effects]], which the more modern leathers no longer have. <p align=center> [[bild:Gebrauchsspuren-01.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Gebrauchsspuren-02.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''[[vegetable-tanned leather|Vegetable-tanned]], only top pigmented [[Vintage & Classic car leather|classic car leather]] with [[Antique Leather - Vintage Leather|patina]]. - Modern [[car leather]] with [[leather damages#Signs of wear on leather|damages from use]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Gebrauchsspuren-03.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Gebrauchsspuren-04.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''[[leather damages#Signs of wear on leather|Signs of wear]] are always visible. Colouration throughout does not prevent this.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Durchfaerbung-002.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''This leather is not dyed throughout. That is normal for [[thick leather]] and not a sign of bad [[leather quality]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Chesterfield-PU-07.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Durchfärbung-01.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''This leather is not dyed through. The dye was only sprayed on the top. This is a sign for cheap and low quality leather.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Durchfaerbung-02.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''This leather was first dyed black and afterwards dyed dark brown. This is a rare method. The reason may have been the reuse of leftover black dyed leather.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Jacke-scheckig-02.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Jacke-scheckig-03.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Extreme case: This [[sheep leather]] jacket was first sewn and then the white leather was coloured grey. The post-corrections are very spotty.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> ==[[finish|Finish - Surface binder-based pigmentation]]== Sensitive leather that can get wet and dirty easily is treated with a protective [[finish|pigment layer]] on the surface after the dyeing. This is usually sprayed on. Almost all [[car leather]], [[leather furniture|furniture leather]], but also [[Leather bag|bags]], [[leather clothing|clothing]] and [[leather shoes|shoe leather]] often have a protective pigment layer on top of the [[Leather grain - Grain side|grain side]]. This pigmentation is usually recognised by the fact that a drop of water rubbed into the leather does not penetrate the surface. <p align=center> [[bild:Wassertropfen-auf-Leder-03.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Heavily pigmented leather is [[Waterproofing leather|waterproofed]] by the [[Finish|binder-based colour layer]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Lederfarbe-spruehen-01.jpg|265px]] [[bild:Gerberei-11.jpg|235px]] </p> <p align=center> [[bild:Pigmentierung-01.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Pigmentierung-02.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Colouring old and damaged leather in the workshop. In the [[tannery]] it is dyed with rotating spray heads.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Depending on the thickness of the applied pigment layer, smooth leather is referred to differently. * No pigment based top colouration: [[Aniline leather]] * Little pigmentation, but hair pores still well recognisable: [[Semi-aniline]] * Thick colouration and hair pores only little or not recognisable: [[finish|Pigmented leather]]. [[Aniline leather]] may have a pigment-free coating of a maximum thickness of 0.01 mm (= 10 micrometre). A normal pigmentation has a thickness of 0.035 to 0.04 mm. For [[car leather|automotive leather]], the thickness of the colour layer is 0.1 mm. Above 0.15 mm thickness of the coat, the leather must be referred to as "[[leather#The layer thickness and the ratio of different layers|coated leather]]". <p align=center> [[bild:Anilin-Poren-01.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Anilin-Poren-02.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Pure [[aniline leather]]: [[Leather hair pores - Hair follicles|Pores]] are completely recognisable and there is no [[Finish|finish]] on the leather.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Semianilin-Poren-01.jpg|250px]] [[bild:E-_Zwischenlager_Fotoverzeichnis-Firma_DATA2-FO_Lederarten_Semianilin_Semianilin-Poren-01.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''[[Semi-aniline|Semi-aniline leather]]: [[Leather hair pores - Hair follicles|Pores]] are clearly visible, but a thin [[finish|layer of paint]] is on the leather surface.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Pigmentiert-01.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Pigmentiert-02.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''[[Leather hair pores - Hair follicles|Pores]] are hardly recognisable. A heavy [[Leather colour|colour layer]] is on the leather surface. Only a leather consultant or expert can investigate whether this leather still may be referred to as [[Semi-aniline|semi-aniline leather]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Pigmentiert-03.jpg|250px]] [[bild:Pigmentiert-04.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''[[Finish|Pigmented]] [[Smooth leather|smooth leather]]: [[Leather hair pores - Hair follicles|Pores]] are no longer recognisable. A thick [[Leather colour|layer of paint]] is on the leather.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> With pigments, almost all leather paints can be mixed. There are leather colours with luminous effects or [[Metallic leather|metallic effects]]. A transparent protective coating called [[finish#Primer - Finish / Top Coat|Top Coat]], is also applied onto the pigment layer. It controls the resistance and [[Gloss of leather|gloss]] of the leather. A pigment layer on a leather makes it less soft. A pigmented leather [[Haptic evaluation of leather surfaces|feels]] colder. Therefore, the tanner always has to decide whether the leather should be easy to maintain or be [[Haptic evaluation of leather surfaces|haptically]] beautiful. It isn't possible to have a leather that is both "buttery soft" and "easy to maintain" at the same time according to the present state of the technology. Most pigmented leather is still dyed through in the same shade under the pigmentation. This is done to prevent signs of use having too much contrast. However, the optical perception of wear cannot be completely prevented. <p align=center> [[bild:Lederfarbe-05.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Basic colours of pigment-based colours for leather (available at [https://www.colourlock.com/ www.colourlock.com]).''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Lederfarbe-Leuchtfarbe-02.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> [[bild:Steering-wheel-leather-colour.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Luminous leather colours (available at [https://www.colourlock.com/ www.colourlock.com]). Luminous colours are used for [[leather suits]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> [[bild:Lederfarbe-Metallic-bronze-01.jpg|100px]] [[bild:Metallic-gold-01.jpg|100px]] [[bild:Lederfarbe-Metallic-pearl-01.jpg|100px]] [[bild:Lederfarbe-Metallic-rot-01.jpg|100px]] [[bild:Lederfarbe-Metallic-silber-01.jpg|100px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Due to metal effects as an additive to the [[finish#Primer - Finish / Top Coat|Top Coat]], the leather colour has a metallic shimmer (available at [https://www.colourlock.com/ www.colourlock.com]).''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/sgvjewIkbZo&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> </p> <p align=center> ''Colourful colouring in the [[leather workshop]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> ==[[Painting on leather]] - [[Printing on leather]]== There are various opportunities for designing leather with colour. Leather can be [[Printing on leather|printed]], it can be [[Painting on leather|painted]], but also [[Laser engraving - Laser cutting leather|laser]], [[Leather etching & engraving|etching]] and [[Leather tattoo|tattooing]] is used. <p align=center> [[bild:Bemalter-Sessel-02--03-2008.jpg|240px]] [[bild:Schuh-bedruckt-01.jpg|260px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Painted [[leather furniture|leather chair]] of Torsten Russ [http://www.torstenruss.de/objekte.html www.torstenruss.de] and a printed [[leather shoes|leather shoe]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> ==The colouring of the hair on hides and [[Fur - Fur skin|fur]]== The leather cannot only be dyed or coated with colour, but also the hair in the skin can be coloured for design purposes. The hair side of [[Cowhide|cowhides]] is usually processed this way. <p align=center> [[bild:Felle-gefaerbt-01.jpg|500px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Coloured hair of a [[cowhide]].''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> ==[[Coated leather - Laminated leather]]== In some manufacturing processes, coloured films are adhered to the leather. This procedure is carried out on [[patent leather]] or [[Coated leather - Laminated leather|PU-leather]]. <p align=center> [[bild:Spaltleder-Pu-Folie01.jpg|250px]] [[bild:PU-Leder-M-002.jpg|250px]] </p> <p align=center> ''Rather cheap leather is foil-coated.''<br></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <werbebanner /> == Additional information == * [[Finish|Finish - Leather colouration]] * [[Primer]] * [[Crosslinker]] <br> * [[Painting on leather]] * [[Printing on leather]] * [[Crackled leather - Crackle finished leather]] * [[Metallic leather]] * [[Ironing leather]] * [[Glazing leather]] * [[Gloss of leather]] * [[Metamerism]] == Problems of leather colourations== * [[Adhesive migration – Glue migration|Leather with stains caused by glue migration]] * [[Dye transfer from leather]] * [[Colour separation of leather]] * [[PU leather#Typical damage to PU leather in the furniture area|Typical PU leather damages]] * [[Flamingo effect|Flamingo effect: Reddish discolouration with light furniture leather in hidden areas]] * [[Bronzing leather|Bronzing: Metallic glimmer on new leather]] == [[Leather videos|Video]] about the colour restoration of leather colour damages == <p align=center> '''Colour refreshments for car, furniture and bag leather''' </p> <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/uybAYTtmi9s&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> </p> <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/yL-7J_jp6jI&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> </p> <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/qh8z6Fissws&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> </p> [[bild:Colourlock-02.jpg|16px]] -> [https://www.colourlock.com/tip/furniture/treatment.html COLOURLOCK - TREATMENT OF FURNITURE LEATHER] <br> [[bild:Colourlock-02.jpg|16px]] -> [https://www.colourlock.com/tip/car-leather/repairing-colour-damages.html COLOURLOCK - REPAIRING COLOUR DAMAGES ON CAR LEATHER] <br> [[bild:Colourlock-02.jpg|16px]] -> [https://www.colourlock.com/tip/shoes-and-bags/old-and-new-leather-bags.html COLOURLOCK - TREATMENT OF LEATHER CASES AND BAGS] <br> [[bild:Lederzentrum-2016-08-Mini-viereckig-Rand-02.jpg|16px]] -> In German: [http://www.lederzentrum.de/tip/index.html#auto www.lederzentrum.de] <br> [[bild:Globus.jpg|16px]] -> Rest of the world: [http://www.lederzentrum.de/international.html#partner partners worldwide] == [[Leather videos|Video]] about [[colour separation of leather]] and [[dye transfer from leather]] == <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/ZJu8YGu62F0&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> </p> == [[Leather videos|Video]] about the peculiarities of [[Metallic leather|metallic effects]] on leather == <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/zDy5Mj06U2o&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow> </p> == [[Leather videos|Video]] about [[leather production]]== <p align=center> <flashow>//www.youtube.com/v/-qn5R8dKcss&fs=1&color1=0x660000&color2=0x550000&border=1|width=500|height=281,25</flashow><br></p> <p align=center> ''The [[leather production]] in a modern [[tannery]].'' </p> <center> {| {{Prettytable}} ! bgcolor=#eeeeee | [[Leather production|Process steps in the leather production]] |- | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center | [[storage of leather|Storage]] - [[soaking]] - [[Liming - Leather Tanning|liming]] - [[Fleshing - Making of leather|fleshing]] - [[Split leather|splitting]] - [[pickling]] - [[Tanning leather|tanning]] - [[neutralising]] - [[Drying leather|withering]] - [[Leather production#Sorting|sorting]] - [[shaving]] - [[Leather production#Dyeing (through colouring) and fatliquoring|dyeing (through colouring) and fatliquoring]] - [[Drying leather|drying]] - [[finish]] - [[softening]] - [[Leather quality|final check]] |} </center> <logoplustext /> [[Kategorie:All Articles]] [[Kategorie:Leather production]]

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